![]() In the beginning, the Russian Army was successful against both the Germans and Austrians. In August 1914, two Russian armies marched into Germany through East Prussia and Austria via the Carpathians. Under the command of the Grand Duke Nicholas, the Russian Army entered the War with a total strength of 1.5 million men with 3 million reservists – numerically more than a match for the German Army. Throughout the First World War, at every step, the army leadership was affected by the poisonous influence of the Court clique, particularly the tsarina, who constantly manipulated and intrigued to remove able men and replace them with her favourites. He was framed and murdered by Stalin in the notorious Purges of 1937. When he died in Moscow in 1926, he was given a state funeral with full honours by the Bolsheviks. After the October Revolution, Brusilov himself helped to organise the Red Army and served the Revolution loyally throughout the Civil War. The former tsarist junior officer Tukhachevsky, the hero of the Civil War, was to become the most prominent leader of the Red Army. The deep contradictions in society were enormously exacerbated by the war, which not only turned the common soldiers and NCOs against their officers, but even drove a section of the latter to go over to the side of the Bolsheviks in the Civil War. ![]() But for every capable officer in the Russian army there were a dozen idle, cowardly and inept aristocrats, promoted to leading positions of authority by virtue of favouritism and family connections. Years later the British Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery expressed the opinion that Brusilov was one of the seven outstanding fighting commanders of World War I. There were some very talented Russian officers, men like Aleksei Alekseyevich Brusilov. But these reforms remained incomplete in 1914, when Russia faced a far more serious test.Įvery army is a reflection of the society out of which it arises and the Russian army was no exception. In the years of counter-revolution that followed the defeat of the Revolution, the monarchy, with the support of the bourgeoisie, had attempted to reform and modernise the army. The inherent weakness of the Russian army had been cruelly exposed by the war with Japan in 1904-5, which led directly to the Revolution of 1905-6. It was hopelessly inadequate to face the formidable forces of modern, industrial Germany. The Russian army was accustomed to fighting more backward peoples in the Caucasus and Central Asia. The cruel irony of these words was fully revealed before the end of the year. Russia has always fought on foreign soil and has always been victorious. The army is not only large but excellently equipped. In March 1914, an article appeared in the Russian press that was generally thought to be the work of the War Minister, Sukhomlinov. On paper, Russia was an awesome military force, and the mood of Russia’s ruling circles was one of optimism. Russia paid with the blood of her people for her right to be a member of the rich man’s club of imperialism. The men in Paris were now calling in their debts. Since tsarist Russia was heavily in debt to French finance capital, there was no question of refusing to comply with the request from Paris, which was really more like a direct order. Threatened by the seemingly unstoppable German advance, the French imperialists were urgently demanding that the Russian army should attack in the East in order to relieve pressure on France and divert German forces from their goal: Paris.įrench imperialism was pressing Russia to begin hostilities as a means of diverting German forces to the East. But, in return for such promises, there was a price to be paid. It wished to expand its military-bureaucratic domination into Polish Galicia, to dominate the Balkans at the expense of Austria, and to strengthen its stranglehold over the Caucasus by the incorporation Armenia at the expense of Turkey.īritain and France were quite happy to promise these things, which they had no intention of delivering. This would then turn the Black Sea into a Russian lake and allow its navy free passage into the Mediterranean. Tsarism did not aspire to dominate Europe, but to seize the Turkish Straits and lay hands on Constantinople. However, Russia’s war aims were of a regional and provincial character, reflecting its relative weakness. Indeed, despite the economic backwardness of Russia, which never exported a single kopek of capital, Lenin included it as one of the five main imperialist countries. ![]() ![]() Russian tsarism combined elements of a semi-feudal, semi-colonial country, heavily dependent upon foreign capital, with the aggressive characteristics of imperialism. The apparent strength of the Russian Empire concealed its internal contradictions and fundamental weaknesses. In the bloody struggle for world domination Russia entered as a second-rate partner of the Entente. ![]()
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8/9/2023 0 Comments Grossum aftermath meaning![]() ![]() ![]() a decadent society, with the torturers walking among us. The -math element comes from Old English mœth 'mowing,' a noun descended from the Germanic base mœ, source of English mow. We've known only a society run by the military, and now its gruesome aftermath. That means no calls, no texting, no eating, no reading, no grooming or. Already by the mid 17th century it had taken on the figurative connotations of 'resulting condition' which are today its only living sense. Gruesome Video Appears to Be Aftermath of Michael Hastings Car Crash Road closed. Here is a discussion of aftermath in John Ayto, Arcade Dictionary of Word Origins (1990):Īftermath Originally, and literally, an aftermath was a second crop of grass or similar grazing vegetation, grown after an earlier crop in the same season had been harvested. ![]() This dictionary also provide you 10 languages so you can find meaning of Aftermath in Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Bengali, Kannada, Marathi, Malayalam, Gujarati, Punjabi, Urdu. Also you will learn Antonyms, synonyms & best example sentences. The argument I would make on behalf of your second line is that "who fear no aftermath" is simply a telescoping of a lengthier and more elaborate phrase such as "who fear no negative consequences in the struggle's aftermath" or perhaps "who fear no aftermath that they can imagine." Such telescoping may strain your readers' ability to grasp your intended meaning, but that is hardly an unusual trade-off in poetry.īy the way, aftermath is a rather unusual word in any case because its usual meaning today is so far afield from its original meaning. Aftermath meaning in Telugu - Learn actual meaning of Aftermath with simple examples & definitions. Elliott Frisch is right that you can defend your choice of aftermath under poetic license, and JSB is correct that the actual meaning you seem to have in mind is closer to reprisal than to aftermath. Definitions and Meaning of Capsicum annuum grossum in English Capsicum annuum grossum noun. ![]() 8/9/2023 0 Comments Bearcat police lingo meaning![]() Blackshirt UK, derogatory name referencing the modern police uniforms and armed squads of Italian Fascists under Benito Mussolini. Portmanteau for triad gangsters (黑社會) and police (警察). A derogatory Cantonese slang widely used to insult a Hong Kong Police Force officer by pro-democracy supporters during the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests. Black Maria (pronounced "Mariah") Slang term used in the UK, Ireland, and elsewhere the police van used to transport prisoners, also used in the 19th century in the US and France with various suggested etymologies including racehorses or the infamous black, large, fierce Liverpool guesthouse owner, Maria Lea. An alternative origin is that the police are seen as "busybodies", i.e., they ask too many questions and meddle in the affairs of others. Not to be confused with the UK parallel to "chicks", a more modern and now more common use of "birds." Bizzies UK, said to have been coined in Merseyside, as the police were always too "busy" to help citizens who reported low-level crimes such as house burglaries. ![]() The Bill was the title of a television police series in the UK, based in a fictional London borough. Derived from Romani language word "beng" meaning devil or satan. Benga Czech slang term for police officers. Beat cop inoffensive slang for patrolling officers. Referenced most widely on The Fugees' album The Score and KRS-One's Sound of da Police. This linguistic pattern results in an implied sense that individual police are all representative parts of one whole, monstrous creature with a united objective and attitude. The Beast US term used in this singular form to refer to any number of police officers, an entire police force, or police in general. Seldom derogatory very common with truckers in the US. (Update from " Jam Sandwich" of earlier cars.) Bears Slang term for the police ( citizen's band radio slang), " Smokey Bear” in reference to the Highway Patrol campaign hats. Battenburg Referring to yellow and blue, large, squared, reflective checker pattern on UK police cars refers to a type of cake. Barney Slang term, usually derogatory, for a town policeman named for Barney Fife. Bagieta Polish slang term for police officer, that is: baguette and it is reference to police baton BAC French slang for police officer acronym of the Brigade anti-criminalité in France. Derogatory derived from the term "Pig/Pigs" can refer to a single officer or the police generally. The term was used as the title of the 2014 British police drama Babylon. Derived from the Rastafari movement which, in turn, regards Babylon as symbolising debauchery, corruption and evil-doing in general. B Babylon Jamaican slang for establishment systems, often applied to police. ![]() Most owners would simply get a mirror installed, but inasmuch as policemen did not want to pay out-of-pocket for one they were called "mirrorless" (aynasız). Also, the first Renaults to enter the market in Turkey had no right rear-view mirrors. Often used by Turkish and Middle Eastern immigrants, particularly to describe police who will beat or assault them sans witnesses. Aynasız A Turkish phrase derived from word ayna, referring to 'those without a mirror', a pejorative description of police lacking honor and having too much shame to look at themselves in the mirror. It is commonly used by rappers in UK drill. Askar/Askari A Somali term meaning “soldier” which is often used by Somali immigrants to the United Kingdom to refer to police. ![]() Anda An Urdu language word meaning egg, for the pure-white uniform of traffic police in urban Pakistani areas like Karachi. A Alphabet Agency/Alphabet Soup/Alphabet Bois Used in the United States to denote the multiple federal agencies that are commonly referred to by their initials such as the FBI, ATF, and DEA. ![]() 8/9/2023 0 Comments Stony brook print queue![]() ![]() Directions to sending a document from an iOS device can be found here: Sending documents to the Print From Anywhere Queue from Gmail using an iOS device.
8/8/2023 0 Comments Eu oil production by country![]() The second largest sector in terms of oil consumption is the petrochemical industry, and manufacturing of plastics is the most important branch of this sector. The transport sector consumes more oil than any other sector. Oil meets about 31 % of total world energy demand. In 2021, oil was the largest energy source globally, followed by coal and gas. This results in efficient recovery of the oil, and the gas is stored for possible recovery in the future. Reinjection is often used to maintain reservoir pressure and displace the oil. ![]() On some fields, gas is reinjected into the reservoirs. Some of the gas is used to generate power on the fields, and small amounts are flared for safety purposes. Naphtha and condensate are liquid at room temperature, while the lighter wet gas components can be made liquid either by cooling or by adding pressure. In addition there are heavier condensates which some classify as a separate product. Wet gas, or NGL (Natural Gas Liquids), consists of a mixture of heavier gases (ethane, propane, butane and naphtha). Dry gas is often referred to as natural gas, and consists mainly of methane, but also a little ethane. When necessary, the gas is separated from the oil before the rich gas is treated in a processing facility that separates the dry and wet gas components. Rich gas, or crude natural gas, is a mixture of various gases. The composition also determines how light or heavy (viscous) the oil is. The quality of the oil depends on several factors, for example how much and which substances, such as wax and sulphur, it contains. The composition varies from field to field. The production from different reservoirs varies from oil with low gas content to almost dry gas (methane with only small amounts of other gases).Ĭrude oil is a fluid that is a combination of different types of hydrocarbons. To get marketable products, the production from the reservoirs must be separated and treated. In May 2019 the country became a net oil and gas exporter for the first time since 1953.The production from different reservoirs (the well stream) contains oil, gas and water in various combinations. oil production reached 12.86 million b/d in November 2019, the highest monthly level of crude oil production in U.S. Saudi Arabia and Russia also top the list of oil exporting countries. ![]() Each of these countries experienced major production declines at different times in the past, but since 2014 all three have been producing near their peak rates of 9 to 11 million barrels per day. ![]() ![]() In recent history, the top three producers have been the United States, Russia, and Saudi Arabia. Members of OPEC+, which includes current OPEC members produce 58% of the world's petroleum. Approximately 69% came from the top ten countries, and an overlapping 38% came from the thirteen current OPEC members, in the table below. Under this definition, total world oil production in 2022 averaged 80,618,895 barrels per day. They also do not include the increase in liquid volumes during oil refining ("refinery gain"), or liquids separated from natural gas in gas processing plants ( natural gas liquids). The volumes in the table do not include biofuel. The volumes in the table represent crude oil and lease condensate, the hydrocarbon liquids collected at or near the wellhead. Compared with shorter-term data, the full-year figures are less prone to distortion from periodic maintenance shutdowns and other seasonal cycles. Energy Information Administration database for calendar year 2022, tabulating all countries on a comparable best-estimate basis. This is a list of countries by oil production (i.e., petroleum production), as compiled from the U.S. ![]() 8/8/2023 0 Comments Vimeo on demand movie![]() ![]() Since video files are bulky, they can be difficult to send over text or email, so an online streaming platform posed the perfect solution. The creators were looking for a way to share videos with friends. Vimeo was launched in 2004 by a group of filmmakers. The History of Vimeo Vimeo has been an active player in the video streaming space for nearly two decades. Personal and professional streaming solutions. ![]()
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![]() With no water to boil off, localized hot spots and mineral deposits are avoided. It doesn’t need a 15-psi radiator cap - the manufacturer recommends 1 to 2 psi, just enough to close the system. Water carries scale-forming minerals, so waterless coolant prevents scale buildup. Waterless coolant, however, won’t freeze below 40° F and boils at above 375° - even without pressurization - giving a huge safety margin. With the pressure cap, water boils at 250° and 50/50 coolant boils at 263°. Additional margin is provided by pressurizing the closed cooling system to 1 atmosphere (15 psi) above ambient. Since engines operate at close to water’s boiling point, the glycol adds a safety margin to prevent boil-over. It also raises the boiling point to 224°. Traditional, fully formulated coolants prevent freezing to -34° F. This can occur even in pockets within the engine, even though the coolant is at normal operating tempeatures. When it boils at 212° F, it creates vapor pockets that can insulate and hold heat in the metal rather than transferring heat away. Water is an excellent heat-transfer medium when liquid, but it changes state. How does Evans compare to water or water and antifreeze in heat transfer efficiency? Reply Water is a very efficient fluid for heat transfer. This is a low pressure purge, so perhaps a small portable tire inflation compressor could get the job done. You don’t want to be draining your system with the engine running, nor would I trust the prep fluid alone to eliminate all of the water in the heater core. If I don’t have a compressor, could I run the engine up to temp, turn on the heater, and flush out the heater core that way? (My car has A/C.) Thanks! Reply Hello! This looks awesome for my ’72 Pontiac, especially since I just got my radiator re-cored. 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